chore: Enable `typescript/no-explicit-any` rule.

.oxlintrc.json

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     "oxc/no-accumulating-spread": "off",
     "oxc/no-async-endpoint-handlers": "off",
     "oxc/no-map-spread": "off",
+    "typescript/no-explicit-any": "error",
     "typescript/no-extraneous-class": "off",
     "typescript/no-unsafe-type-assertion": "off",
     "unicorn/consistent-function-scoping": "off",

extensions/bluebubbles/src/monitor.test.ts

@@ -1216,7 +1216,9 @@ describe("BlueBubbles webhook monitor", () => {
         const core = createMockRuntime();
 
         // Use a timing-aware debouncer test double that respects debounceMs/buildKey/shouldDebounce.
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
         core.channel.debounce.createInboundDebouncer = vi.fn((params: any) => {
+          // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
           type Item = any;
           const buckets = new Map<
             string,

extensions/line/src/channel.logout.test.ts

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ function createRuntime(): { runtime: PluginRuntime; mocks: LineRuntimeMocks } {
           ? (lineConfig.accounts?.[accountId] ?? {})
           : lineConfig;
       const hasToken =
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
         Boolean((entry as any).channelAccessToken) || Boolean((entry as any).tokenFile);
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       const hasSecret = Boolean((entry as any).channelSecret) || Boolean((entry as any).secretFile);
       return { tokenSource: hasToken && hasSecret ? "config" : "none" };
     },

extensions/llm-task/src/llm-task-tool.test.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ vi.mock("../../../src/agents/pi-embedded-runner.js", () => {
 import { runEmbeddedPiAgent } from "../../../src/agents/pi-embedded-runner.js";
 import { createLlmTaskTool } from "./llm-task-tool.js";
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 function fakeApi(overrides: any = {}) {
   return {
     id: "llm-task",
@@ -32,26 +33,31 @@ describe("llm-task tool (json-only)", () => {
   beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
 
   it("returns parsed json", async () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mockResolvedValueOnce({
       meta: {},
       payloads: [{ text: JSON.stringify({ foo: "bar" }) }],
     });
     const tool = createLlmTaskTool(fakeApi());
     const res = await tool.execute("id", { prompt: "return foo" });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expect((res as any).details.json).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
   });
 
   it("strips fenced json", async () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mockResolvedValueOnce({
       meta: {},
       payloads: [{ text: '```json\n{"ok":true}\n```' }],
     });
     const tool = createLlmTaskTool(fakeApi());
     const res = await tool.execute("id", { prompt: "return ok" });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expect((res as any).details.json).toEqual({ ok: true });
   });
 
   it("validates schema", async () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mockResolvedValueOnce({
       meta: {},
       payloads: [{ text: JSON.stringify({ foo: "bar" }) }],
@@ -64,10 +70,12 @@ describe("llm-task tool (json-only)", () => {
       additionalProperties: false,
     };
     const res = await tool.execute("id", { prompt: "return foo", schema });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expect((res as any).details.json).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
   });
 
   it("throws on invalid json", async () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mockResolvedValueOnce({
       meta: {},
       payloads: [{ text: "not-json" }],
@@ -77,6 +85,7 @@ describe("llm-task tool (json-only)", () => {
   });
 
   it("throws on schema mismatch", async () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mockResolvedValueOnce({
       meta: {},
       payloads: [{ text: JSON.stringify({ foo: 1 }) }],
@@ -87,18 +96,21 @@ describe("llm-task tool (json-only)", () => {
   });
 
   it("passes provider/model overrides to embedded runner", async () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mockResolvedValueOnce({
       meta: {},
       payloads: [{ text: JSON.stringify({ ok: true }) }],
     });
     const tool = createLlmTaskTool(fakeApi());
     await tool.execute("id", { prompt: "x", provider: "anthropic", model: "claude-4-sonnet" });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const call = (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mock.calls[0]?.[0];
     expect(call.provider).toBe("anthropic");
     expect(call.model).toBe("claude-4-sonnet");
   });
 
   it("enforces allowedModels", async () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mockResolvedValueOnce({
       meta: {},
       payloads: [{ text: JSON.stringify({ ok: true }) }],
@@ -112,12 +124,14 @@ describe("llm-task tool (json-only)", () => {
   });
 
   it("disables tools for embedded run", async () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mockResolvedValueOnce({
       meta: {},
       payloads: [{ text: JSON.stringify({ ok: true }) }],
     });
     const tool = createLlmTaskTool(fakeApi());
     await tool.execute("id", { prompt: "x" });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const call = (runEmbeddedPiAgent as any).mock.calls[0]?.[0];
     expect(call.disableTools).toBe(true);
   });

extensions/llm-task/src/llm-task-tool.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ async function loadRunEmbeddedPiAgent(): Promise<RunEmbeddedPiAgentFn> {
   // Source checkout (tests/dev)
   try {
     const mod = await import("../../../src/agents/pi-embedded-runner.js");
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     if (typeof (mod as any).runEmbeddedPiAgent === "function") {
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       return (mod as any).runEmbeddedPiAgent;
     }
   } catch {
@@ -111,7 +113,9 @@ export function createLlmTaskTool(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
         undefined;
 
       const authProfileId =
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
         (typeof (params as any).authProfileId === "string" &&
+          // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
           (params as any).authProfileId.trim()) ||
         (typeof pluginCfg.defaultAuthProfileId === "string" &&
           pluginCfg.defaultAuthProfileId.trim()) ||
@@ -150,6 +154,7 @@ export function createLlmTaskTool(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
               : undefined,
       };
 
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       const input = (params as any).input as unknown;
       let inputJson: string;
       try {
@@ -192,6 +197,7 @@ export function createLlmTaskTool(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
           disableTools: true,
         });
 
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
         const text = collectText((result as any).payloads);
         if (!text) {
           throw new Error("LLM returned empty output");
@@ -205,9 +211,11 @@ export function createLlmTaskTool(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
           throw new Error("LLM returned invalid JSON");
         }
 
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
         const schema = (params as any).schema as unknown;
         if (schema && typeof schema === "object" && !Array.isArray(schema)) {
           const ajv = new Ajv({ allErrors: true, strict: false });
+          // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
           const validate = ajv.compile(schema as any);
           const ok = validate(parsed);
           if (!ok) {

extensions/lobster/src/lobster-tool.test.ts

@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ function fakeApi(overrides: Partial<OpenClawPluginApi> = {}): OpenClawPluginApi
     id: "lobster",
     name: "lobster",
     source: "test",
-    config: {} as any,
+    config: {},
     pluginConfig: {},
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     runtime: { version: "test" } as any,
     logger: { info() {}, warn() {}, error() {}, debug() {} },
     registerTool() {},
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ function fakeApi(overrides: Partial<OpenClawPluginApi> = {}): OpenClawPluginApi
 
 function fakeCtx(overrides: Partial<OpenClawPluginToolContext> = {}): OpenClawPluginToolContext {
   return {
-    config: {} as any,
+    config: {},
     workspaceDir: "/tmp",
     agentDir: "/tmp",
     agentId: "main",

extensions/memory-lancedb/index.test.ts

@@ -180,9 +180,13 @@ describeLive("memory plugin live tests", () => {
     const liveApiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY ?? "";
 
     // Mock plugin API
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const registeredTools: any[] = [];
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const registeredClis: any[] = [];
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const registeredServices: any[] = [];
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const registeredHooks: Record<string, any[]> = {};
     const logs: string[] = [];
 
@@ -207,15 +211,19 @@ describeLive("memory plugin live tests", () => {
         error: (msg: string) => logs.push(`[error] ${msg}`),
         debug: (msg: string) => logs.push(`[debug] ${msg}`),
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       registerTool: (tool: any, opts: any) => {
         registeredTools.push({ tool, opts });
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       registerCli: (registrar: any, opts: any) => {
         registeredClis.push({ registrar, opts });
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       registerService: (service: any) => {
         registeredServices.push(service);
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       on: (hookName: string, handler: any) => {
         if (!registeredHooks[hookName]) {
           registeredHooks[hookName] = [];
@@ -226,6 +234,7 @@ describeLive("memory plugin live tests", () => {
     };
 
     // Register plugin
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     memoryPlugin.register(mockApi as any);
 
     // Check registration

extensions/tlon/src/channel.ts

@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ export const tlonPlugin: ChannelPlugin = {
         } finally {
           await api.delete();
         }
-      } catch (error: any) {
+      } catch (error) {
         return { ok: false, error: error?.message ?? String(error) };
       }
     },

extensions/tlon/src/monitor/discovery.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export async function fetchGroupChanges(
       return changes;
     }
     return null;
-  } catch (error: any) {
+  } catch (error) {
     runtime.log?.(
       `[tlon] Failed to fetch changes (falling back to full init): ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`,
     );
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ export async function fetchAllChannels(
     runtime.log?.("[tlon] Attempting auto-discovery of group channels...");
     const changes = await fetchGroupChanges(api, runtime, 5);
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     let initData: any;
     if (changes) {
       runtime.log?.("[tlon] Changes data received, using full init for channel extraction");
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ export async function fetchAllChannels(
 
     const channels: string[] = [];
     if (initData && initData.groups) {
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       for (const groupData of Object.values(initData.groups as Record<string, any>)) {
         if (groupData && typeof groupData === "object" && groupData.channels) {
           for (const channelNest of Object.keys(groupData.channels)) {
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ export async function fetchAllChannels(
     }
 
     return channels;
-  } catch (error: any) {
+  } catch (error) {
     runtime.log?.(`[tlon] Auto-discovery failed: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`);
     runtime.log?.(
       "[tlon] To monitor group channels, add them to config: channels.tlon.groupChannels",

extensions/tlon/src/monitor/history.ts

@@ -35,11 +35,13 @@ export async function fetchChannelHistory(
     const scryPath = `/channels/v4/${channelNest}/posts/newest/${count}/outline.json`;
     runtime?.log?.(`[tlon] Fetching history: ${scryPath}`);
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const data: any = await api.scry(scryPath);
     if (!data) {
       return [];
     }
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     let posts: any[] = [];
     if (Array.isArray(data)) {
       posts = data;
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ export async function fetchChannelHistory(
 
     runtime?.log?.(`[tlon] Extracted ${messages.length} messages from history`);
     return messages;
-  } catch (error: any) {
+  } catch (error) {
     runtime?.log?.(`[tlon] Error fetching channel history: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`);
     return [];
   }

extensions/tlon/src/monitor/index.ts

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
         error: (message) => runtime.error?.(message),
       },
     });
-  } catch (error: any) {
+  } catch (error) {
     runtime.error?.(`[tlon] Failed to authenticate: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`);
     throw error;
   }
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
       if (discoveredChannels.length > 0) {
         groupChannels = discoveredChannels;
       }
-    } catch (error: any) {
+    } catch (error) {
       runtime.error?.(`[tlon] Auto-discovery failed: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`);
     }
   }
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
     runtime.log?.("[tlon] No group channels to monitor (DMs only)");
   }
 
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
   const handleIncomingDM = async (update: any) => {
     try {
       const memo = update?.response?.add?.memo;
@@ -154,11 +155,12 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
         isGroup: false,
         timestamp: memo.sent || Date.now(),
       });
-    } catch (error: any) {
+    } catch (error) {
       runtime.error?.(`[tlon] Error handling DM: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`);
     }
   };
 
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
   const handleIncomingGroupMessage = (channelNest: string) => async (update: any) => {
     try {
       const parsed = parseChannelNest(channelNest);
@@ -235,7 +237,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
         timestamp: content.sent || Date.now(),
         parentId,
       });
-    } catch (error: any) {
+    } catch (error) {
       runtime.error?.(`[tlon] Error handling group message: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`);
     }
   };
@@ -294,7 +296,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
           "2. Key decisions or conclusions\n" +
           "3. Action items if any\n" +
           "4. Notable participants";
-      } catch (error: any) {
+      } catch (error) {
         const errorMsg = `Sorry, I encountered an error while fetching the channel history: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`;
         if (isGroup && groupChannel) {
           const parsed = parseChannelNest(groupChannel);
@@ -437,7 +439,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
       });
       subscribedChannels.add(channelNest);
       runtime.log?.(`[tlon] Subscribed to group channel: ${channelNest}`);
-    } catch (error: any) {
+    } catch (error) {
       runtime.error?.(
         `[tlon] Failed to subscribe to ${channelNest}: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`,
       );
@@ -463,7 +465,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
       });
       subscribedDMs.add(dmShip);
       runtime.log?.(`[tlon] Subscribed to DM with ${dmShip}`);
-    } catch (error: any) {
+    } catch (error) {
       runtime.error?.(
         `[tlon] Failed to subscribe to DM with ${dmShip}: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`,
       );
@@ -485,7 +487,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
           await subscribeToChannel(channelNest);
         }
       }
-    } catch (error: any) {
+    } catch (error) {
       runtime.error?.(`[tlon] Channel refresh failed: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`);
     }
   }
@@ -500,7 +502,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
         dmShips = dmList;
         runtime.log?.(`[tlon] Found ${dmShips.length} DM conversation(s)`);
       }
-    } catch (error: any) {
+    } catch (error) {
       runtime.error?.(`[tlon] Failed to fetch DM list: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`);
     }
 
@@ -544,7 +546,7 @@ export async function monitorTlonProvider(opts: MonitorTlonOpts = {}): Promise<v
   } finally {
     try {
       await api?.close();
-    } catch (error: any) {
+    } catch (error) {
       runtime.error?.(`[tlon] Cleanup error: ${error?.message ?? String(error)}`);
     }
   }

extensions/tlon/src/monitor/utils.ts

@@ -49,10 +49,14 @@ export function extractMessageText(content: unknown): string {
     return "";
   }
 
-  return content
+  return (
+    content
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       .map((block: any) => {
         if (block.inline && Array.isArray(block.inline)) {
-        return block.inline
+          return (
+            block.inline
+              // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
               .map((item: any) => {
                 if (typeof item === "string") {
                   return item;
@@ -70,12 +74,14 @@ export function extractMessageText(content: unknown): string {
                 }
                 return "";
               })
-          .join("");
+              .join("")
+          );
         }
         return "";
       })
       .join("\n")
-    .trim();
+      .trim()
+  );
 }
 
 export function isSummarizationRequest(messageText: string): boolean {

extensions/twitch/index.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const plugin = {
   configSchema: emptyPluginConfigSchema(),
   register(api: OpenClawPluginApi) {
     setTwitchRuntime(api.runtime);
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     api.registerChannel({ plugin: twitchPlugin as any });
   },
 };

extensions/twitch/src/access-control.ts

@@ -155,7 +155,6 @@ export function extractMentions(message: string): string[] {
   const mentions: string[] = [];
   let match: RegExpExecArray | null;
 
-  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noAssignInExpressions: Standard regex iteration pattern
   while ((match = mentionRegex.exec(message)) !== null) {
     const username = match[1];
     if (username) {

extensions/twitch/src/outbound.ts

@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ export const twitchOutbound: ChannelOutboundAdapter = {
           return { ok: true, to: normalizedTo };
         }
         // Fallback to first allowFrom entry
-        // biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: length > 0 check ensures element exists
         return { ok: true, to: allowList[0] };
       }
 
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@ export const twitchOutbound: ChannelOutboundAdapter = {
 
     // No target provided, use allowFrom fallback
     if (allowList.length > 0) {
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: length > 0 check ensures element exists
       return { ok: true, to: allowList[0] };
     }
 

extensions/twitch/src/twitch-client.test.ts

@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ const mockQuit = vi.fn();
 const mockUnbind = vi.fn();
 
 // Event handler storage for testing
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 const messageHandlers: Array<(channel: string, user: string, message: string, msg: any) => void> =
   [];
 
 // Mock functions that track handlers and return unbind objects
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 const mockOnMessage = vi.fn((handler: any) => {
   messageHandlers.push(handler);
   return { unbind: mockUnbind };
@@ -269,6 +271,7 @@ describe("TwitchClientManager", () => {
 
       // Check the stored handler is handler2
       const key = manager.getAccountKey(testAccount);
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       expect((manager as any).messageHandlers.get(key)).toBe(handler2);
     });
   });
@@ -290,7 +293,9 @@ describe("TwitchClientManager", () => {
       await manager.disconnect(testAccount);
 
       const key = manager.getAccountKey(testAccount);
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       expect((manager as any).clients.has(key)).toBe(false);
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       expect((manager as any).messageHandlers.has(key)).toBe(false);
     });
 
@@ -309,6 +314,7 @@ describe("TwitchClientManager", () => {
       expect(mockQuit).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
 
       const key2 = manager.getAccountKey(testAccount2);
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       expect((manager as any).clients.has(key2)).toBe(true);
     });
   });
@@ -321,7 +327,9 @@ describe("TwitchClientManager", () => {
       await manager.disconnectAll();
 
       expect(mockQuit).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       expect((manager as any).clients.size).toBe(0);
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       expect((manager as any).messageHandlers.size).toBe(0);
     });
 
@@ -387,6 +395,7 @@ describe("TwitchClientManager", () => {
 
     it("should create client if not already connected", async () => {
       // Clear the existing client
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       (manager as any).clients.clear();
 
       // Reset connect call count for this specific test

scripts/bench-model.ts

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ function median(values: number[]): number {
 
 async function runModel(opts: {
   label: string;
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
   model: Model<any>;
   apiKey: string;
   runs: number;

scripts/update-clawtributors.ts

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ for (const [login, lines] of linesByLogin.entries()) {
   }
   let user = apiByLogin.get(login);
   if (!user) {
-    user = fetchUser(login);
+    user = fetchUser(login) || undefined;
   }
   if (user) {
     const contributions = contributionsByLogin.get(login) ?? 0;
@@ -256,7 +256,9 @@ function run(cmd: string): string {
   }).trim();
 }
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 function parsePaginatedJson(raw: string): any[] {
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
   const items: any[] = [];
   for (const line of raw.split("\n")) {
     if (!line.trim()) {

src/agents/apply-patch.ts

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ const applyPatchSchema = Type.Object({
 
 export function createApplyPatchTool(
   options: { cwd?: string; sandboxRoot?: string } = {},
-  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: TypeBox schema type from pi-agent-core uses a different module instance.
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 ): AgentTool<any, ApplyPatchToolDetails> {
   const cwd = options.cwd ?? process.cwd();
   const sandboxRoot = options.sandboxRoot;

src/agents/auth-profiles/oauth.ts

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ const OAUTH_PROVIDER_IDS = new Set<OAuthProvider>(
 );
 
 function isOAuthProvider(provider: string): provider is OAuthProvider {
-  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: type guard needs runtime check
-  return OAUTH_PROVIDER_IDS.has(provider as any);
+  return OAUTH_PROVIDER_IDS.has(provider);
 }
 
 const resolveOAuthProvider = (provider: string): OAuthProvider | null =>

src/agents/bash-tools.exec.ts

@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ async function runExecProcess(opts: {
 
 export function createExecTool(
   defaults?: ExecToolDefaults,
-  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: TypeBox schema type from pi-agent-core uses a different module instance.
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 ): AgentTool<any, ExecToolDetails> {
   const defaultBackgroundMs = clampNumber(
     defaults?.backgroundMs ?? readEnvInt("PI_BASH_YIELD_MS"),

src/agents/bash-tools.process.ts

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ const processSchema = Type.Object({
 
 export function createProcessTool(
   defaults?: ProcessToolDefaults,
-  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: TypeBox schema type from pi-agent-core uses a different module instance.
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 ): AgentTool<any> {
   if (defaults?.cleanupMs !== undefined) {
     setJobTtlMs(defaults.cleanupMs);

src/agents/pi-embedded-helpers.downgradeopenai-reasoning.test.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ describe("downgradeOpenAIReasoningBlocks", () => {
       },
     ];
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expect(downgradeOpenAIReasoningBlocks(input as any)).toEqual(input);
   });
 
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ describe("downgradeOpenAIReasoningBlocks", () => {
       { role: "user", content: "next" },
     ];
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expect(downgradeOpenAIReasoningBlocks(input as any)).toEqual([
       { role: "user", content: "next" },
     ]);
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ describe("downgradeOpenAIReasoningBlocks", () => {
       },
     ];
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expect(downgradeOpenAIReasoningBlocks(input as any)).toEqual([]);
   });
 
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@ describe("downgradeOpenAIReasoningBlocks", () => {
       },
     ];
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expect(downgradeOpenAIReasoningBlocks(input as any)).toEqual(input);
   });
 });

src/agents/pi-tool-definition-adapter.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { runBeforeToolCallHook } from "./pi-tools.before-tool-call.js";
 import { normalizeToolName } from "./tool-policy.js";
 import { jsonResult } from "./tools/common.js";
 
-// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: TypeBox schema type from pi-agent-core uses a different module instance.
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 type AnyAgentTool = AgentTool<any, unknown>;
 
 function isPlainObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ export function toToolDefinitions(tools: AnyAgentTool[]): ToolDefinition[] {
       name,
       label: tool.label ?? name,
       description: tool.description ?? "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: TypeBox schema from pi-agent-core uses a different module instance.
       parameters: tool.parameters,
       execute: async (
         toolCallId,
@@ -87,6 +86,7 @@ export function toClientToolDefinitions(
       name: func.name,
       label: func.name,
       description: func.description ?? "",
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       parameters: func.parameters as any,
       execute: async (
         toolCallId,

src/agents/pi-tools.before-tool-call.test.ts

@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ describe("before_tool_call hook integration", () => {
       hasHooks: vi.fn(),
       runBeforeToolCall: vi.fn(),
     };
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     mockGetGlobalHookRunner.mockReturnValue(hookRunner as any);
   });
 
   it("executes tool normally when no hook is registered", async () => {
     hookRunner.hasHooks.mockReturnValue(false);
     const execute = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ content: [], details: { ok: true } });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const tool = wrapToolWithBeforeToolCallHook({ name: "Read", execute } as any, {
       agentId: "main",
       sessionKey: "main",
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ describe("before_tool_call hook integration", () => {
     hookRunner.hasHooks.mockReturnValue(true);
     hookRunner.runBeforeToolCall.mockResolvedValue({ params: { mode: "safe" } });
     const execute = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ content: [], details: { ok: true } });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const tool = wrapToolWithBeforeToolCallHook({ name: "exec", execute } as any);
 
     await tool.execute("call-2", { cmd: "ls" }, undefined, undefined);
@@ -58,6 +61,7 @@ describe("before_tool_call hook integration", () => {
       blockReason: "blocked",
     });
     const execute = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ content: [], details: { ok: true } });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const tool = wrapToolWithBeforeToolCallHook({ name: "exec", execute } as any);
 
     await expect(tool.execute("call-3", { cmd: "rm -rf /" }, undefined, undefined)).rejects.toThrow(
@@ -70,6 +74,7 @@ describe("before_tool_call hook integration", () => {
     hookRunner.hasHooks.mockReturnValue(true);
     hookRunner.runBeforeToolCall.mockRejectedValue(new Error("boom"));
     const execute = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ content: [], details: { ok: true } });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const tool = wrapToolWithBeforeToolCallHook({ name: "read", execute } as any);
 
     await tool.execute("call-4", { path: "/tmp/file" }, undefined, undefined);
@@ -81,6 +86,7 @@ describe("before_tool_call hook integration", () => {
     hookRunner.hasHooks.mockReturnValue(true);
     hookRunner.runBeforeToolCall.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
     const execute = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ content: [], details: { ok: true } });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const tool = wrapToolWithBeforeToolCallHook({ name: "ReAd", execute } as any, {
       agentId: "main",
       sessionKey: "main",
@@ -113,6 +119,7 @@ describe("before_tool_call hook integration for client tools", () => {
       hasHooks: vi.fn(),
       runBeforeToolCall: vi.fn(),
     };
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     mockGetGlobalHookRunner.mockReturnValue(hookRunner as any);
   });
 

src/agents/pi-tools.types.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 import type { AgentTool } from "@mariozechner/pi-agent-core";
 
-// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: TypeBox schema type from pi-agent-core uses a different module instance.
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 export type AnyAgentTool = AgentTool<any, unknown>;

src/agents/session-tool-result-guard-wrapper.ts

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ export function guardSessionManager(
 
   const hookRunner = getGlobalHookRunner();
   const transform = hookRunner?.hasHooks("tool_result_persist")
-    ? (message: any, meta: { toolCallId?: string; toolName?: string; isSynthetic?: boolean }) => {
+    ? // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
+      (message: any, meta: { toolCallId?: string; toolName?: string; isSynthetic?: boolean }) => {
         const out = hookRunner.runToolResultPersist(
           {
             toolName: meta.toolName,

src/agents/session-tool-result-guard.tool-result-persist-hook.test.ts

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ describe("tool_result_persist hook", () => {
       isError: false,
       content: [{ type: "text", text: "ok" }],
       details: { big: "x".repeat(10_000) },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
 
     const messages = sm
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ describe("tool_result_persist hook", () => {
       .filter((e) => e.type === "message")
       .map((e) => (e as { message: AgentMessage }).message);
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const toolResult = messages.find((m) => (m as any).role === "toolResult") as any;
     expect(toolResult).toBeTruthy();
     expect(toolResult.details).toBeTruthy();
@@ -121,6 +123,7 @@ describe("tool_result_persist hook", () => {
       isError: false,
       content: [{ type: "text", text: "ok" }],
       details: { big: "x".repeat(10_000) },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
 
     const messages = sm
@@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ describe("tool_result_persist hook", () => {
       .filter((e) => e.type === "message")
       .map((e) => (e as { message: AgentMessage }).message);
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const toolResult = messages.find((m) => (m as any).role === "toolResult") as any;
     expect(toolResult).toBeTruthy();
 

src/agents/tools/common.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import { detectMime } from "../../media/mime.js";
 import { sanitizeToolResultImages } from "../tool-images.js";
 
-// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: TypeBox schema type from pi-agent-core uses a different module instance.
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 export type AnyAgentTool = AgentTool<any, unknown>;
 
 export type StringParamOptions = {

src/auto-reply/reply/commands-core.ts

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ export async function handleCommands(params: HandleCommandsParams): Promise<Comm
     // Send hook messages immediately if present
     if (hookEvent.messages.length > 0) {
       // Use OriginatingChannel/To if available, otherwise fall back to command channel/from
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       const channel = params.ctx.OriginatingChannel || (params.command.channel as any);
       // For replies, use 'from' (the sender) not 'to' (which might be the bot itself)
       const to = params.ctx.OriginatingTo || params.command.from || params.command.to;

src/auto-reply/reply/get-reply-inline-actions.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ export type InlineActionResult =
       abortedLastRun: boolean;
     };
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 function extractTextFromToolResult(result: any): string | null {
   if (!result || typeof result !== "object") {
     return null;
@@ -193,6 +194,7 @@ export async function handleInlineActions(params: {
           command: rawArgs,
           commandName: skillInvocation.command.name,
           skillName: skillInvocation.command.skillName,
+          // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
         } as any);
         const text = extractTextFromToolResult(result) ?? "✅ Done.";
         typing.cleanup();

src/auto-reply/reply/get-reply-run.ts

@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ export async function runPreparedReply(
     }
   }
   if (resetTriggered && command.isAuthorizedSender) {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const channel = ctx.OriginatingChannel || (command.channel as any);
     const to = ctx.OriginatingTo || command.from || command.to;
     if (channel && to) {

src/browser/profiles.test.ts

@@ -181,18 +181,14 @@ describe("color allocation", () => {
   });
 
   it("allocates next unused color from palette", () => {
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: Test file with known array
     const usedColors = new Set([PROFILE_COLORS[0].toUpperCase()]);
     expect(allocateColor(usedColors)).toBe(PROFILE_COLORS[1]);
   });
 
   it("skips multiple used colors", () => {
     const usedColors = new Set([
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: Test file with known array
       PROFILE_COLORS[0].toUpperCase(),
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: Test file with known array
       PROFILE_COLORS[1].toUpperCase(),
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: Test file with known array
       PROFILE_COLORS[2].toUpperCase(),
     ]);
     expect(allocateColor(usedColors)).toBe(PROFILE_COLORS[3]);

src/browser/profiles.ts

@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ export function allocateColor(usedColors: Set<string>): string {
   }
   // All colors used, cycle based on count
   const index = usedColors.size % PROFILE_COLORS.length;
-  // biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: Array is non-empty constant
   return PROFILE_COLORS[index] ?? PROFILE_COLORS[0];
 }
 

src/browser/server-context.ensure-tab-available.prefers-last-target.test.ts

@@ -51,12 +51,11 @@ describe("browser server-context ensureTabAvailable", () => {
       } as unknown as Response;
     });
 
-    // @ts-expect-error test override
     global.fetch = fetchMock;
 
     const state: BrowserServerState = {
       // unused in these tests
-      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test stub
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       server: null as any,
       port: 0,
       resolved: {
@@ -113,11 +112,10 @@ describe("browser server-context ensureTabAvailable", () => {
       return { ok: true, json: async () => next } as unknown as Response;
     });
 
-    // @ts-expect-error test override
     global.fetch = fetchMock;
 
     const state: BrowserServerState = {
-      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test stub
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       server: null as any,
       port: 0,
       resolved: {
@@ -164,11 +162,11 @@ describe("browser server-context ensureTabAvailable", () => {
       }
       return { ok: true, json: async () => next } as unknown as Response;
     });
-    // @ts-expect-error test override
+
     global.fetch = fetchMock;
 
     const state: BrowserServerState = {
-      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test stub
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       server: null as any,
       port: 0,
       resolved: {

src/browser/server-context.remote-tab-ops.test.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ function makeState(
   profile: "remote" | "openclaw",
 ): BrowserServerState & { profiles: Map<string, { lastTargetId?: string | null }> } {
   return {
-    // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: test stub
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     server: null as any,
     port: 0,
     resolved: {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ describe("browser server-context remote profile tab operations", () => {
     const fetchMock = vi.fn(async () => {
       throw new Error("unexpected fetch");
     });
-    // @ts-expect-error test override
+
     global.fetch = fetchMock;
 
     const { createBrowserRouteContext } = await import("./server-context.js");
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ describe("browser server-context remote profile tab operations", () => {
     const fetchMock = vi.fn(async () => {
       throw new Error("unexpected fetch");
     });
-    // @ts-expect-error test override
+
     global.fetch = fetchMock;
 
     const { createBrowserRouteContext } = await import("./server-context.js");
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ describe("browser server-context remote profile tab operations", () => {
     const fetchMock = vi.fn(async () => {
       throw new Error("unexpected fetch");
     });
-    // @ts-expect-error test override
+
     global.fetch = fetchMock;
 
     const { createBrowserRouteContext } = await import("./server-context.js");
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ describe("browser server-context remote profile tab operations", () => {
     const fetchMock = vi.fn(async () => {
       throw new Error("unexpected fetch");
     });
-    // @ts-expect-error test override
+
     global.fetch = fetchMock;
 
     const { createBrowserRouteContext } = await import("./server-context.js");
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ describe("browser server-context remote profile tab operations", () => {
         ],
       } as unknown as Response;
     });
-    // @ts-expect-error test override
+
     global.fetch = fetchMock;
 
     const { createBrowserRouteContext } = await import("./server-context.js");
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ describe("browser server-context tab selection state", () => {
         ],
       } as unknown as Response;
     });
-    // @ts-expect-error test override
+
     global.fetch = fetchMock;
 
     const { createBrowserRouteContext } = await import("./server-context.js");

src/channels/plugins/directory-config.test.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ describe("directory (config-backed)", () => {
           channels: { C111: { users: ["U777"] } },
         },
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const peers = await listSlackDirectoryPeersFromConfig({
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ describe("directory (config-backed)", () => {
           },
         },
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const peers = await listDiscordDirectoryPeersFromConfig({
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ describe("directory (config-backed)", () => {
           groups: { "-1001": {}, "*": {} },
         },
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const peers = await listTelegramDirectoryPeersFromConfig({
@@ -121,6 +124,7 @@ describe("directory (config-backed)", () => {
           groups: { "999@g.us": { requireMention: true }, "*": {} },
         },
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const peers = await listWhatsAppDirectoryPeersFromConfig({

src/channels/plugins/types.plugin.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import type {
 } from "./types.core.js";
 
 // Channel docking: implement this contract in src/channels/plugins/<id>.ts.
-// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: registry aggregates heterogeneous account types.
 export type ChannelConfigUiHint = {
   label?: string;
   help?: string;
@@ -45,6 +44,7 @@ export type ChannelConfigSchema = {
   uiHints?: Record<string, ChannelConfigUiHint>;
 };
 
+// oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 export type ChannelPlugin<ResolvedAccount = any> = {
   id: ChannelId;
   meta: ChannelMeta;

src/commands/doctor-sandbox.ts

@@ -77,8 +77,11 @@ async function dockerImageExists(image: string): Promise<boolean> {
   try {
     await runExec("docker", ["image", "inspect", image], { timeoutMs: 5_000 });
     return true;
-  } catch (error: any) {
-    const stderr = error?.stderr || error?.message || "";
+  } catch (error) {
+    const stderr =
+      (error as { stderr: string } | undefined)?.stderr ||
+      (error as { message: string } | undefined)?.message ||
+      "";
     if (String(stderr).includes("No such image")) {
       return false;
     }

src/discord/monitor/exec-approvals.test.ts

@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ describe("parseExecApprovalData", () => {
   });
 
   it("rejects null/undefined input", () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expect(parseExecApprovalData(null as any)).toBeNull();
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expect(parseExecApprovalData(undefined as any)).toBeNull();
   });
 

src/discord/monitor/message-handler.inbound-contract.test.ts

@@ -31,10 +31,13 @@ describe("discord processDiscordMessage inbound contract", () => {
     const storePath = path.join(dir, "sessions.json");
 
     await processDiscordMessage({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       cfg: { messages: {}, session: { store: storePath } } as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       discordConfig: {} as any,
       accountId: "default",
       token: "token",
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       runtime: { log: () => {}, error: () => {} } as any,
       guildHistories: new Map(),
       historyLimit: 0,
@@ -44,19 +47,23 @@ describe("discord processDiscordMessage inbound contract", () => {
       replyToMode: "off",
       ackReactionScope: "direct",
       groupPolicy: "open",
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       data: { guild: null } as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       client: { rest: {} } as any,
       message: {
         id: "m1",
         channelId: "c1",
         timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
         attachments: [],
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       } as any,
       author: {
         id: "U1",
         username: "alice",
         discriminator: "0",
         globalName: "Alice",
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       } as any,
       channelInfo: null,
       channelName: undefined,
@@ -86,7 +93,9 @@ describe("discord processDiscordMessage inbound contract", () => {
         accountId: "default",
         sessionKey: "agent:main:discord:dm:u1",
         mainSessionKey: "agent:main:main",
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       } as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
 
     expect(capturedCtx).toBeTruthy();

src/discord/monitor/message-handler.process.test.ts

@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ describe("processDiscordMessage ack reactions", () => {
       sender: { label: "user" },
     });
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     await processDiscordMessage(ctx as any);
 
     expect(reactMessageDiscord).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ describe("processDiscordMessage ack reactions", () => {
       sender: { label: "user" },
     });
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     await processDiscordMessage(ctx as any);
 
     expect(reactMessageDiscord).toHaveBeenCalledWith("c1", "m1", "👀", { rest: {} });

src/discord/monitor/sender-identity.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export function resolveDiscordWebhookId(message: DiscordWebhookMessageLike): str
 
 export function resolveDiscordSenderIdentity(params: {
   author: User;
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
   member?: any;
   pluralkitInfo?: PluralKitMessageInfo | null;
 }): DiscordSenderIdentity {
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ export function resolveDiscordSenderIdentity(params: {
 
 export function resolveDiscordSenderLabel(params: {
   author: User;
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
   member?: any;
   pluralkitInfo?: PluralKitMessageInfo | null;
 }): string {

src/gateway/client.ts

@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ export class GatewayClient {
           return new Error("gateway tls fingerprint mismatch");
         }
         return undefined;
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       }) as any;
     }
     this.ws = new WebSocket(url, wsOptions);

src/gateway/server-methods/agent-timestamp.test.ts

@@ -128,12 +128,14 @@ describe("timestampOptsFromConfig", () => {
           userTimezone: "America/Chicago",
         },
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
 
     expect(opts.timezone).toBe("America/Chicago");
   });
 
   it("falls back gracefully with empty config", () => {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const opts = timestampOptsFromConfig({} as any);
 
     expect(opts.timezone).toBeDefined(); // resolveUserTimezone provides a default

src/gateway/server.auth.e2e.test.ts

@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ describe("gateway server auth/connect", () => {
       gateway: {
         trustedProxies: ["127.0.0.1"],
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
     const prevToken = process.env.OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN;
     process.env.OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN = "secret";

src/gateway/tools-invoke-http.test.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
           },
         },
       ],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const port = await getFreePort();
@@ -60,12 +61,14 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
     // No explicit tool allowlist; rely on profile + alsoAllow.
     testState.agentsConfig = {
       list: [{ id: "main" }],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     // minimal profile does NOT include agents_list, but alsoAllow should.
     const { writeConfigFile } = await import("../config/config.js");
     await writeConfigFile({
       tools: { profile: "minimal", alsoAllow: ["agents_list"] },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
 
     const port = await getFreePort();
@@ -88,6 +91,7 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
   it("supports tools.alsoAllow without allow/profile (implicit allow-all)", async () => {
     testState.agentsConfig = {
       list: [{ id: "main" }],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const { CONFIG_PATH } = await import("../config/config.js");
@@ -125,6 +129,7 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
           },
         },
       ],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const port = await getFreePort();
@@ -175,6 +180,7 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
           },
         },
       ],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const port = await getFreePort();
@@ -210,6 +216,7 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
           },
         },
       ],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const port = await getFreePort();
@@ -239,6 +246,7 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
           },
         },
       ],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const port = await getFreePort();
@@ -266,11 +274,13 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
           },
         },
       ],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
 
     const { writeConfigFile } = await import("../config/config.js");
     await writeConfigFile({
       tools: { profile: "minimal" },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
 
     const port = await getFreePort();
@@ -305,6 +315,7 @@ describe("POST /tools/invoke", () => {
           },
         },
       ],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
     testState.sessionConfig = { mainKey: "primary" };
 

src/gateway/tools-invoke-http.ts

@@ -230,12 +230,14 @@ export async function handleToolsInvokeHttpRequest(
 
   const coreToolNames = new Set(
     allTools
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       .filter((tool) => !getPluginToolMeta(tool as any))
       .map((tool) => normalizeToolName(tool.name))
       .filter(Boolean),
   );
   const pluginGroups = buildPluginToolGroups({
     tools: allTools,
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     toolMeta: (tool) => getPluginToolMeta(tool as any),
   });
   const resolvePolicy = (policy: typeof profilePolicy, label: string) => {
@@ -306,10 +308,12 @@ export async function handleToolsInvokeHttpRequest(
 
   try {
     const toolArgs = mergeActionIntoArgsIfSupported({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       toolSchema: (tool as any).parameters,
       action,
       args,
     });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     const result = await (tool as any).execute?.(`http-${Date.now()}`, toolArgs);
     sendJson(res, 200, { ok: true, result });
   } catch (err) {

src/hooks/bundled/session-memory/handler.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ async function getRecentSessionContent(
           if ((role === "user" || role === "assistant") && msg.content) {
             // Extract text content
             const text = Array.isArray(msg.content)
-              ? msg.content.find((c: any) => c.type === "text")?.text
+              ? // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
+                msg.content.find((c: any) => c.type === "text")?.text
               : msg.content;
             if (text && !text.startsWith("/")) {
               allMessages.push(`${role}: ${text}`);

src/line/webhook.test.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ const createRes = () => {
     status: vi.fn(),
     json: vi.fn(),
     headersSent: false,
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
   } as any;
   res.status.mockReturnValue(res);
   res.json.mockReturnValue(res);
@@ -26,9 +27,11 @@ describe("createLineWebhookMiddleware", () => {
     const req = {
       headers: { "x-line-signature": sign(rawBody, secret) },
       body: rawBody,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
     const res = createRes();
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     await middleware(req, res, {} as any);
 
     expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(200);
@@ -44,9 +47,11 @@ describe("createLineWebhookMiddleware", () => {
     const req = {
       headers: { "x-line-signature": sign(rawBody, secret) },
       body: Buffer.from(rawBody, "utf-8"),
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
     const res = createRes();
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     await middleware(req, res, {} as any);
 
     expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(200);
@@ -62,9 +67,11 @@ describe("createLineWebhookMiddleware", () => {
     const req = {
       headers: { "x-line-signature": sign(rawBody, secret) },
       body: rawBody,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
     const res = createRes();
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     await middleware(req, res, {} as any);
 
     expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(400);
@@ -80,9 +87,11 @@ describe("createLineWebhookMiddleware", () => {
     const req = {
       headers: { "x-line-signature": "invalid-signature" },
       body: rawBody,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
     const res = createRes();
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     await middleware(req, res, {} as any);
 
     expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(401);
@@ -99,9 +108,11 @@ describe("createLineWebhookMiddleware", () => {
     const req = {
       headers: { "x-line-signature": sign(rawBody, wrongSecret) },
       body: rawBody,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any;
     const res = createRes();
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     await middleware(req, res, {} as any);
 
     expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(401);

src/plugins/cli.test.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ describe("registerPluginCliCommands", () => {
     const program = new Command();
     program.command("memory");
 
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     registerPluginCliCommands(program, {} as any);
 
     expect(mocks.memoryRegister).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

src/plugins/hooks.ts

@@ -335,12 +335,14 @@ export function createHookRunner(registry: PluginRegistry, options: HookRunnerOp
 
     for (const hook of hooks) {
       try {
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
         const out = (hook.handler as any)({ ...event, message: current }, ctx) as
           | PluginHookToolResultPersistResult
           | void
           | Promise<unknown>;
 
         // Guard against accidental async handlers (this hook is sync-only).
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
         if (out && typeof (out as any).then === "function") {
           const msg =
             `[hooks] tool_result_persist handler from ${hook.pluginId} returned a Promise; ` +

src/security/audit.ts

@@ -826,6 +826,7 @@ async function collectChannelSecurityFindings(params: {
 
       if (!hasAnySenderAllowlist) {
         const providerSetting = (telegramCfg.commands as { nativeSkills?: unknown } | undefined)
+          // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
           ?.nativeSkills as any;
         const skillsEnabled = resolveNativeSkillsEnabled({
           providerId: "telegram",

src/signal/monitor.event-handler.typing-read-receipts.test.ts

@@ -41,10 +41,12 @@ describe("signal event handler typing + read receipts", () => {
     vi.resetModules();
     const { createSignalEventHandler } = await import("./monitor/event-handler.js");
     const handler = createSignalEventHandler({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       runtime: { log: () => {}, error: () => {} } as any,
       cfg: {
         messages: { inbound: { debounceMs: 0 } },
         channels: { signal: { dmPolicy: "open", allowFrom: ["*"] } },
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       } as any,
       baseUrl: "http://localhost",
       account: "+15550009999",
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ describe("signal event handler typing + read receipts", () => {
       fetchAttachment: async () => null,
       deliverReplies: async () => {},
       resolveSignalReactionTargets: () => [],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       isSignalReactionMessage: () => false as any,
       shouldEmitSignalReactionNotification: () => false,
       buildSignalReactionSystemEventText: () => "reaction",

src/signal/monitor/event-handler.inbound-contract.test.ts

@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ describe("signal createSignalEventHandler inbound contract", () => {
     capturedCtx = undefined;
 
     const handler = createSignalEventHandler({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       runtime: { log: () => {}, error: () => {} } as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       cfg: { messages: { inbound: { debounceMs: 0 } } } as any,
       baseUrl: "http://localhost",
       accountId: "default",
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ describe("signal createSignalEventHandler inbound contract", () => {
       fetchAttachment: async () => null,
       deliverReplies: async () => {},
       resolveSignalReactionTargets: () => [],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       isSignalReactionMessage: () => false as any,
       shouldEmitSignalReactionNotification: () => false,
       buildSignalReactionSystemEventText: () => "reaction",

src/slack/monitor/message-handler/prepare.inbound-contract.test.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ describe("slack prepareSlackMessage inbound contract", () => {
       mediaMaxBytes: 1024,
       removeAckAfterReply: false,
     });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     slackCtx.resolveUserName = async () => ({ name: "Alice" }) as any;
 
     const account: ResolvedSlackAccount = {
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ describe("slack prepareSlackMessage inbound contract", () => {
     });
 
     expect(prepared).toBeTruthy();
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expectInboundContextContract(prepared!.ctxPayload as any);
   });
 
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@ describe("slack prepareSlackMessage inbound contract", () => {
       mediaMaxBytes: 1024,
       removeAckAfterReply: false,
     });
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     slackCtx.resolveUserName = async () => ({ name: "Alice" }) as any;
 
     const account: ResolvedSlackAccount = {

src/slack/monitor/thread-resolution.test.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ describe("createSlackThreadTsResolver", () => {
       messages: [{ ts: "1", thread_ts: "9" }],
     });
     const resolver = createSlackThreadTsResolver({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       client: { conversations: { history: historyMock } } as any,
       cacheTtlMs: 60_000,
       maxSize: 5,

src/telegram/bot-message-dispatch.ts

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export const dispatchTelegramMessage = async ({
   telegramCfg,
   opts,
   resolveBotTopicsEnabled,
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 }: any) => {
   const {
     ctxPayload,

src/telegram/bot.ts

@@ -446,7 +446,9 @@ export function createTelegramBot(opts: TelegramBotOptions) {
       senderLabel = senderLabel || "unknown";
 
       // Extract forum thread info (similar to message processing)
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       const messageThreadId = (reaction as any).message_thread_id;
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       const isForum = (reaction.chat as any).is_forum === true;
       const resolvedThreadId = resolveTelegramForumThreadId({
         isForum,

src/telegram/bot/helpers.test.ts

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ describe("normalizeForwardedContext", () => {
         sender_user: { first_name: "Ada", last_name: "Lovelace", username: "ada", id: 42 },
         date: 123,
       },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
     expect(ctx).not.toBeNull();
     expect(ctx?.from).toBe("Ada Lovelace (@ada)");
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ describe("normalizeForwardedContext", () => {
   it("handles hidden forward_origin names", () => {
     const ctx = normalizeForwardedContext({
       forward_origin: { type: "hidden_user", sender_user_name: "Hidden Name", date: 456 },
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
     expect(ctx).not.toBeNull();
     expect(ctx?.from).toBe("Hidden Name");
@@ -109,6 +111,7 @@ describe("normalizeForwardedContext", () => {
       },
       forward_signature: "Stan",
       forward_date: 789,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
     expect(ctx).not.toBeNull();
     expect(ctx?.from).toBe("OpenClaw Updates (Stan)");
@@ -124,6 +127,7 @@ describe("normalizeForwardedContext", () => {
     const ctx = normalizeForwardedContext({
       forward_sender_name: "Legacy Hidden",
       forward_date: 111,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
     expect(ctx).not.toBeNull();
     expect(ctx?.from).toBe("Legacy Hidden");

src/telegram/draft-stream.test.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ describe("createTelegramDraftStream", () => {
   it("passes message_thread_id when provided", () => {
     const api = { sendMessageDraft: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true) };
     const stream = createTelegramDraftStream({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       api: api as any,
       chatId: 123,
       draftId: 42,
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ describe("createTelegramDraftStream", () => {
   it("omits message_thread_id for general topic id", () => {
     const api = { sendMessageDraft: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true) };
     const stream = createTelegramDraftStream({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       api: api as any,
       chatId: 123,
       draftId: 42,
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ describe("createTelegramDraftStream", () => {
   it("keeps message_thread_id for dm threads", () => {
     const api = { sendMessageDraft: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true) };
     const stream = createTelegramDraftStream({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       api: api as any,
       chatId: 123,
       draftId: 42,

src/tui/tui-event-handlers.test.ts

@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ describe("tui-event-handlers: handleAgentEvent", () => {
     const { chatLog, tui, setActivityStatus } = makeContext(state);
     const { handleAgentEvent } = createEventHandlers({
       // Casts are fine here: TUI runtime shape is larger than we need in unit tests.
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       chatLog: chatLog as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       tui: tui as any,
       state,
       setActivityStatus,
@@ -80,7 +82,9 @@ describe("tui-event-handlers: handleAgentEvent", () => {
     const state = makeState({ activeChatRunId: "run-1" });
     const { chatLog, tui, setActivityStatus } = makeContext(state);
     const { handleAgentEvent } = createEventHandlers({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       chatLog: chatLog as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       tui: tui as any,
       state,
       setActivityStatus,
@@ -103,7 +107,9 @@ describe("tui-event-handlers: handleAgentEvent", () => {
     const state = makeState({ activeChatRunId: "run-9" });
     const { tui, setActivityStatus } = makeContext(state);
     const { handleAgentEvent } = createEventHandlers({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       chatLog: { startTool: vi.fn(), updateToolResult: vi.fn() } as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       tui: tui as any,
       state,
       setActivityStatus,
@@ -125,7 +131,9 @@ describe("tui-event-handlers: handleAgentEvent", () => {
     const state = makeState({ activeChatRunId: null });
     const { chatLog, tui, setActivityStatus } = makeContext(state);
     const { handleChatEvent, handleAgentEvent } = createEventHandlers({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       chatLog: chatLog as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       tui: tui as any,
       state,
       setActivityStatus,
@@ -157,7 +165,9 @@ describe("tui-event-handlers: handleAgentEvent", () => {
     const state = makeState({ activeChatRunId: null });
     const { chatLog, tui, setActivityStatus } = makeContext(state);
     const { handleChatEvent, handleAgentEvent } = createEventHandlers({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       chatLog: chatLog as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       tui: tui as any,
       state,
       setActivityStatus,
@@ -188,7 +198,9 @@ describe("tui-event-handlers: handleAgentEvent", () => {
     const state = makeState({ activeChatRunId: "run-active" });
     const { chatLog, tui, setActivityStatus } = makeContext(state);
     const { handleChatEvent, handleAgentEvent } = createEventHandlers({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       chatLog: chatLog as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       tui: tui as any,
       state,
       setActivityStatus,

src/tui/tui-waiting.test.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ const theme = {
   dim: (s: string) => `<d>${s}</d>`,
   bold: (s: string) => `<b>${s}</b>`,
   accentSoft: (s: string) => `<a>${s}</a>`,
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
 } as any;
 
 describe("tui-waiting", () => {

src/utils.test.ts

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ describe("jidToE164", () => {
     const original = fs.readFileSync;
     const spy = vi
       .spyOn(fs, "readFileSync")
-      // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: forwarding to native signature
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       .mockImplementation((path: any, encoding?: any) => {
         if (path === mappingPath) {
           return `"5551234"`;

src/web/auto-reply/monitor/process-message.inbound-contract.test.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ describe("web processMessage inbound contract", () => {
     capturedCtx = undefined;
 
     await processMessage({
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       cfg: { messages: {} } as any,
       msg: {
         id: "msg1",
@@ -29,11 +30,13 @@ describe("web processMessage inbound contract", () => {
         senderE164: "+15550002222",
         groupSubject: "Test Group",
         groupParticipants: [],
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       } as any,
       route: {
         agentId: "main",
         accountId: "default",
         sessionKey: "agent:main:whatsapp:group:123",
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       } as any,
       groupHistoryKey: "123@g.us",
       groupHistories: new Map(),
@@ -41,7 +44,9 @@ describe("web processMessage inbound contract", () => {
       connectionId: "conn",
       verbose: false,
       maxMediaBytes: 1,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       replyResolver: (async () => undefined) as any,
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
       replyLogger: { info: () => {}, warn: () => {}, error: () => {}, debug: () => {} } as any,
       backgroundTasks: new Set(),
       rememberSentText: (_text: string | undefined, _opts: unknown) => {},
@@ -49,9 +54,11 @@ describe("web processMessage inbound contract", () => {
       echoForget: () => {},
       buildCombinedEchoKey: () => "echo",
       groupHistory: [],
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     } as any);
 
     expect(capturedCtx).toBeTruthy();
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
     expectInboundContextContract(capturedCtx as any);
   });
 });